Garden plants for United Kingdom

787 plants that appear on garden plant lists for United Kingdom: vegetables, herbs, fruit, flowers, shrubs and trees that gardeners there commonly grow, native or introduced. Each links to a growing guide with spacing, sun, water, hardiness, toxicity and sources.

United Kingdom spans more than one climate. Being on this list does not mean a plant suits your own site: check its hardiness and water needs against your local conditions, and avoid plants listed as invasive in your area.

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Vegetables (53)

Achocha (caigua) Cyclanthera pedata
Alexanders (horse parsley) Smyrnium olusatrum
Arugula (rocket) Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Beetroot Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Bell pepper Capsicum annuum
Broad bean (fava) Vicia faba
Broccoli Brassica oleracea var. italica
Brussels sprout Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
Bush bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Carrot Daucus carota subsp. sativus
Cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Celery Apium graveolens
Cherry tomato Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
Chili pepper Capsicum annuum (hot types)
Corn salad (lamb's lettuce) Valerianella locusta
Cucumber Cucumis sativus
Enset (false banana) Ensete ventricosum
Florence fennel Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum
Fuki (Japanese butterbur) Petasites japonicus
Garden cress Lepidium sativum
Garden pea Pisum sativum
Garlic Allium sativum
Good King Henry Blitum bonus-henricus
Kale Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
Konjac (devil’s tongue) Amorphophallus konjac
Leek Allium ampeloprasum (Porrum group)
Lettuce Lactuca sativa
Marsh samphire (glasswort) Salicornia europaea
Mashua Tropaeolum tuberosum
Mizuna Brassica rapa var. japonica
Onion Allium cepa
Parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima / C. pepo
Radicchio (chicory) Cichorium intybus var. foliosum
Radish Raphanus sativus
Rhubarb Rheum x hybridum
Runner bean Phaseolus coccineus
Rutabaga (swede) Brassica napus var. napobrassica
Shallot Allium cepa var. aggregatum
Skirret Sium sisarum
Spinach Spinacia oleracea
Sweet corn Zea mays var. saccharata
Swiss chard Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Cicla)
Tarwi (Andean lupin, chocho) Lupinus mutabilis
Tomato Solanum lycopersicum
Turnip Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Wasabi Eutrema japonicum
Watercress Nasturtium officinale
Zucchini (courgette) Cucurbita pepo

Herbs (56)

Anise hyssop Agastache foeniculum
Basil Ocimum basilicum
Bay laurel Laurus nobilis
Borage Borago officinalis
Catnip Nepeta cataria
Chives Allium schoenoprasum
Clary sage Salvia sclarea · invasive in some regions
Cleveland sage Salvia clevelandii
Comfrey Symphytum officinale
Common sage Salvia officinalis
Coriander (cilantro) Coriandrum sativum
Costmary (alecost, bible leaf) Tanacetum balsamita
Curry plant Helichrysum italicum
Dill Anethum graveolens
Dittany of Crete (díktamo) Origanum dictamnus
Dyer’s madder Rubia tinctorum
Elecampane Inula helenium
Fennel Foeniculum vulgare · invasive in some regions
Feverfew Tanacetum parthenium
Fish mint (dokudami, rau diếp cá) Houttuynia cordata
French sorrel (buckler-leaf sorrel) Rumex scutatus
German chamomile Matricaria chamomilla
Greek mountain tea (tsai tou vounou) Sideritis scardica
Hops Humulus lupulus
Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis
Japanese indigo (ai, dyer’s knotweed) Persicaria tinctoria
Korean mint (baechohyang) Agastache rugosa
Lemon balm Melissa officinalis
Lemon verbena Aloysia citrodora
Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra
Lovage Levisticum officinale
Marsh mallow Althaea officinalis
Mexican giant hyssop (toronjil morado) Agastache mexicana
Mint Mentha spicata
Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca
Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris · invasive in some regions
Oilseed rape (canola) Brassica napus
Oregano Origanum vulgare
Parsley Petroselinum crispum
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium · invasive in some regions
Rock samphire (sea fennel) Crithmum maritimum
Rosemary Salvia rosmarinus
Salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba
Short-toothed mountain mint Pycnanthemum muticum
Sorrel Rumex acetosa
Spike lavender (broad-leaved lavender) Lavandula latifolia
St John’s wort (common) Hypericum perforatum · invasive in some regions
Sweet cicely Myrrhis odorata
Tasmanian mountain pepper Tasmannia lanceolata
Thyme Thymus vulgaris
Valerian Valeriana officinalis
Vervain (common verbena) Verbena officinalis
White horehound Marrubium vulgare · invasive in some regions
White (yellow) mustard Sinapis alba
Wild garlic (ramsons) Allium ursinum
Woad Isatis tinctoria · invasive in some regions

Fruit (18)

Blackberry Rubus fruticosus agg.
Blackcurrant Ribes nigrum
Black mulberry Morus nigra
Blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum
Chilean guava (murta) Ugni molinae
Chocolate vine (akebi) Akebia quinata · invasive in some regions
Dwarf apple tree Malus domestica
European plum Prunus domestica
Gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa
Kolomikta kiwi (variegated kiwi vine) Actinidia kolomikta
Medlar Mespilus germanica
Pear Pyrus communis
Quince Cydonia oblonga
Raspberry Rubus idaeus
Redcurrant Ribes rubrum
Strawberry Fragaria x ananassa
Sweet cherry Prunus avium
Woodland strawberry (alpine strawberry) Fragaria vesca

Flowers (339)

African violet Streptocarpus ionanthus
Agapanthus Agapanthus praecox
Agrimony (church steeples) Agrimonia eupatoria
Air plant (blushing tillandsia) Tillandsia ionantha
Albany pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis
Algerian iris (winter iris) Iris unguicularis
Alpine avens Geum montanum
Alpine snowbell Soldanella alpina
Angel’s fishing rod (wand flower) Dierama pulcherrimum
Annual clary (painted sage) Salvia viridis
Annual mallow (rose mallow) Malva trimestris
Annual phlox (Drummond’s phlox) Phlox drummondii
Armand’s clematis (evergreen clematis) Clematis armandii
Arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia
Arrowhead vine (syngonium) Syngonium podophyllum · invasive in some regions
Auricula Primula auricula
Autumn gentian (Chinese gentian) Gentiana sino-ornata
Baby blue eyes Nemophila menziesii
Baby rubber plant (blunt-leaved peperomia) Peperomia obtusifolia
Bacopa (sutera) Chaenostoma cordatum
Basket of gold (golden alyssum) Aurinia saxatilis
Bearded iris Iris germanica
Bear’s breeches Acanthus mollis
Bee balm Monarda didyma
Bells of Ireland (shell flower) Moluccella laevis
Betony (bishop’s wort) Betonica officinalis
Bigleaf ligularia (leopard plant) Ligularia dentata
Bishop’s flower (false Queen Anne’s lace) Ammi majus
Blackberry lily (leopard lily, shaga) Iris domestica
Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta
Bleeding heart Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Blue false indigo Baptisia australis
Blue marguerite (blue daisy) Felicia amelloides
Blue passion flower Passiflora caerulea
Blue vanda Vanda coerulea
Blushing bromeliad Neoregelia carolinae
Bogbean (buckbean) Menyanthes trifoliata
Bulley’s primula (candelabra primula) Primula bulleyana
Busy Lizzie (impatiens) Impatiens walleriana
Butterfly mariposa lily Calochortus venustus
California fuchsia (hummingbird trumpet) Epilobium canum
Canterbury bells Campanula medium
Cape daisy (osteospermum) Dimorphotheca ecklonis
Cape pondweed (water hawthorn, waterblommetjie) Aponogeton distachyos · invasive in some regions
Cape sundew Drosera capensis · invasive in some regions
Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis
Carpathian bellflower (tussock bellflower) Campanula carpatica
Catmint Nepeta x faassenii
Chatham Island forget-me-not Myosotidium hortensia
Cheddar pink Dianthus gratianopolitanus
Chestnut-leaved rodgersia Rodgersia aesculifolia
Chilean bellflower (copihue) Lapageria rosea
Chilean glory flower Eccremocarpus scaber
Chilean rhubarb (nalca, pangue) Gunnera tinctoria · invasive in some regions
Chinese evergreen Aglaonema commutatum
Chinese forget-me-not (Chinese hound’s tongue) Cynoglossum amabile
Chinese money plant (pancake plant) Pilea peperomioides
Chinese monkshood (Carmichael’s aconite) Aconitum carmichaelii
Chocolate cosmos Cosmos atrosanguineus
Christmas cactus (Thanksgiving cactus, crab cactus) Schlumbergera truncata
Christmas rose Helleborus niger
Cigar plant Cuphea ignea
Clematis 'Jackmanii' Clematis x jackmanii
Cobra lily (California pitcher plant) Darlingtonia californica
Columbine meadow rue (French meadow rue) Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Common bistort (Easter ledges) Bistorta officinalis
Common bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Common columbine Aquilegia vulgaris
Common knapweed Centaurea nigra · invasive in some regions
Common mallow (French hollyhock) Malva sylvestris
Coral bells (heuchera) Heuchera americana
Cornflower Centaurea cyanus
Cottage pink (garden pink) Dianthus plumarius
Cowslip Primula veris
Cranesbill (hardy geranium) Geranium x magnificum
Creeping baby’s breath Gypsophila repens
Creeping Jacob’s ladder (spreading Jacob’s ladder) Polemonium reptans
Crown imperial Fritillaria imperialis
Culver’s root Veronicastrum virginicum
Cup-and-saucer vine (cathedral bells) Cobaea scandens
Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Dahlia Dahlia pinnata hybrids
Dalmatian bellflower (wall bellflower) Campanula portenschlagiana
David’s lily (Lanzhou lily) Lilium davidii
Deadly nightshade (belladonna) Atropa belladonna
Delphinium Delphinium elatum hybrids
Devil’s claw (tufted horned rampion) Physoplexis comosa
Dog’s-tooth violet Erythronium dens-canis
Douglas iris (Pacific Coast iris) Iris douglasiana
Drumstick primula Primula denticulata
Dumb cane (dieffenbachia) Dieffenbachia seguine
Dusty miller (silver ragwort) Jacobaea maritima
Dutch crocus Crocus vernus
Dutchman’s breeches Dicentra cucullaria
Dwarf grassy bells (edraianthus) Edraianthus pumilio
Dwarf iris (netted iris) Iris reticulata
Dyer’s chamomile (golden marguerite) Cota tinctoria
Early crocus (Tommasini’s crocus) Crocus tommasinianus
Easter lily Lilium longiflorum
Eastern bluestar Amsonia tabernaemontana
Eastern cyclamen (spring cyclamen) Cyclamen coum
Eastern red columbine Aquilegia canadensis
Edging lobelia Lobelia erinus
Elegant clarkia (mountain garland) Clarkia unguiculata
Emerald ripple peperomia Peperomia caperata
English lavender Lavandula angustifolia
European white water lily Nymphaea alba
Fairy fan-flower (scaevola) Scaevola aemula
False Solomon’s seal (feathery false lily of the valley) Maianthemum racemosum
False sunflower (ox-eye) Heliopsis helianthoides
Fan columbine (miyama-odamaki) Aquilegia flabellata
Field poppy Papaver rhoeas
Field scabious Knautia arvensis
Firewheel (Indian blanket) Gaillardia pulchella
Fishbone prayer plant (Burle Marx ctenanthe) Ctenanthe burle-marxii
Flame violet (episcia) Episcia cupreata
Flaming Katy (florist’s kalanchoe) Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
Flaming sword (vriesea) Lutheria splendens
Flat sea holly Eryngium planum
Flax (linseed) Linum usitatissimum
Florist’s cyclamen Cyclamen persicum
Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus · invasive in some regions
Flowering tobacco Nicotiana alata
Four-season orchid (jian lan, sword-leaved cymbidium) Cymbidium ensifolium
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea
Freesia Freesia refracta hybrids · invasive in some regions
French marigold Tagetes patula
Fringed water lily (yellow floating heart) Nymphoides peltata · invasive in some regions
Fumewort (bird-in-a-bush) Corydalis solida
Garden chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum x morifolium
Garden lupin Lupinus polyphyllus · invasive in some regions
Garden pansy Viola x wittrockiana
Garden phlox Phlox paniculata
Garden rose Rosa x hybrida
Geranium (Pelargonium) Pelargonium x hortorum
Giant carrion flower (starfish flower) Stapelia gigantea
Giant Himalayan cowslip Primula florindae
Giant Himalayan lily Cardiocrinum giganteum
Giant snowdrop (Elwes’s snowdrop) Galanthus elwesii
Globe thistle Echinops ritro
Glory of the snow (chionodoxa) Scilla luciliae
Godetia (farewell-to-spring) Clarkia amoena
Golden clematis (orange-peel clematis) Clematis tangutica
Grape hyacinth Muscari armeniacum
Great blue lobelia Lobelia siphilitica
Great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis
Great masterwort (Hattie’s pincushion) Astrantia major
Great yellow gentian Gentiana lutea
Grecian windflower Anemone blanda
Green ixia (turquoise ixia) Ixia viridiflora
Griffith’s spurge Euphorbia griffithii
Guernsey lily (nerine) Nerine bowdenii
Hardy gloxinia (Chinese trumpet flower) Incarvillea delavayi
Hardy water lily (Marliac hybrids) Nymphaea × marliacea
Harlequin flower Sparaxis tricolor · invasive in some regions
Heartleaf philodendron Philodendron hederaceum
Heartsease (wild pansy) Viola tricolor
Hellebore (Lenten rose) Helleborus x hybridus
Henry’s lily Lilium henryi
Himalayan blue poppy Meconopsis betonicifolia
Himalayan cowslip (Sikkim primrose) Primula sikkimensis
Hollyhock Alcea rosea
Honesty Lunaria annua
Honeywort (blue shrimp plant) Cerinthe major
Hoop-petticoat daffodil Narcissus bulbocodium
Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis
Hyacinth orchid (shiran) Bletilla striata
Indian pink (woodland pinkroot) Spigelia marilandica
Italian clematis Clematis viticella
Ivy-leaved cyclamen Cyclamen hederifolium
Jade vine Strongylodon macrobotrys
Japanese anemone Anemone hupehensis
Japanese primrose (kurinsō) Primula japonica
Jewel orchid Ludisia discolor
King of the Alps (alpine forget-me-not) Eritrichium nanum
Lady Banks’ rose (Banksian rose) Rosa banksiae
Lady of the night orchid Brassavola nodosa
Lanceleaf coreopsis (tickseed) Coreopsis lanceolata · invasive in some regions
Large mountain daisy Celmisia spectabilis
Larkspur Consolida ajacis
Late tulip (species tulip) Tulipa tarda
Leopard plant (tsuwabuki) Farfugium japonicum
Lily Lilium
Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis
Lipstick plant Aeschynanthus radicans
Lisianthus (prairie gentian) Eustoma russellianum
Love-in-a-mist Nigella damascena
Love-lies-bleeding (kiwicha) Amaranthus caudatus
Madonna lily Lilium candidum
Maiden pink Dianthus deltoides
Mallow-wort (annual malope) Malope trifida
Maltese cross (Jerusalem cross) Silene chalcedonica
Margined primrose Primula marginata
Marsh marigold Caltha palustris
Martagon lily (Turk’s cap lily) Lilium martagon
Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria
Mealycup sage (blue salvia) Salvia farinacea
Mignonette (sweet reseda) Reseda odorata
Mīkoikoi (New Zealand iris) Libertia grandiflora
Milky bellflower Campanula lactiflora
Million bells (calibrachoa) Calibrachoa parviflora
Mini monstera (Rhaphidophora tetrasperma) Rhaphidophora tetrasperma
Missouri evening primrose (bigfruit evening primrose) Oenothera macrocarpa
Montbretia (crocosmia) Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora · invasive in some regions
Musk mallow Malva moschata
Myrtle spurge (donkey-tail spurge) Euphorbia myrsinites · invasive in some regions
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
New York ironweed Vernonia noveboracensis
Night-scented lily (giant upright elephant ear) Alocasia odora
Night-scented stock (evening stock) Matthiola longipetala
Noble dendrobium Dendrobium nobile
Nodding onion Allium cernuum
Obedient plant (false dragonhead) Physostegia virginiana
Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis
Olympian mullein Verbascum olympicum
Ominaeshi (golden lace, Patrinia) Patrinia scabiosifolia
Opium poppy (breadseed poppy) Papaver somniferum
Orange coneflower (black-eyed Susan ‘Goldsturm’) Rudbeckia fulgida
Orchid primula (Vial’s primrose) Primula vialii
Oriental poppy Papaver orientale
Ornamental allium Allium giganteum
Ornamental rhubarb (Chinese rhubarb) Rheum palmatum
Ornamental salvia Salvia nemorosa
Orpheus flower (Rhodope haberlea) Haberlea rhodopensis
Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare · invasive in some regions
Paddle plant (flapjacks) Kalanchoe thyrsiflora
Painted tongue (velvet flower) Salpiglossis sinuata
Pale purple coneflower Echinacea pallida
Panda plant (pussy ears) Kalanchoe tomentosa
Pasque flower Pulsatilla vulgaris
Peace lily Spathiphyllum wallisii
Peach-leaved bellflower Campanula persicifolia
Penstemon (beardtongue) Penstemon digitalis
Peony Paeonia lactiflora
Perennial candytuft Iberis sempervirens
Perennial flax (blue flax) Linum perenne
Persian stone cress Aethionema grandiflorum
Peruvian lily (alstroemeria) Alstroemeria aurea
Petunia Petunia x hybrida
Phacelia (lacy phacelia) Phacelia tanacetifolia
Pineleaf penstemon Penstemon pinifolius
Pink-and-white everlasting (pink paper daisy) Rhodanthe chlorocephala
Pink mulla mulla (tall mulla mulla) Ptilotus exaltatus
Poached egg plant (Douglas’s meadowfoam) Limnanthes douglasii
Polka-dot begonia (spotted begonia) Begonia maculata
Poppy anemone (kalanit) Anemone coronaria
Pot marigold Calendula officinalis
Prairie blazing star (gayfeather) Liatris pycnostachya
Prayer plant (herringbone plant) Maranta leuconeura
Primrose Primula vulgaris
Puawānanga (New Zealand clematis) Clematis paniculata
Purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea
Purple pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea · invasive in some regions
Purple roscoea (Himalayan ginger lily) Roscoea purpurea
Purple toadflax Linaria purpurea
Pyrenean violet (resurrection plant) Ramonda myconi
Queen’s tears (friendship plant) Billbergia nutans
Rabbit-ear iris (kakitsubata) Iris laevigata
Rattlesnake plant Goeppertia insignis
Red campion Silene dioica
Red hot poker Kniphofia uvaria
Red valerian Centranthus ruber
Regal lily Lilium regale
Rengarenga (rock lily) Arthropodium cirratum
Rock soapwort Saponaria ocymoides
Rose campion Silene coronaria
Roseroot Rhodiola rosea
Rough goldenrod (‘Fireworks’) Solidago rugosa
Round-leaf calathea Goeppertia orbifolia
Russian sage Salvia yangii
Satin pothos (silver vine) Scindapsus pictus
Shasta daisy Leucanthemum x superbum
Shirui lily Lilium mackliniae
Siberian bugloss (brunnera) Brunnera macrophylla
Siberian squill Scilla siberica · invasive in some regions
Siskiyou lewisia Lewisia cotyledon
Smooth blue aster Symphyotrichum laeve
Snake’s head fritillary Fritillaria meleagris
Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus
Sneezeweed (helenium) Helenium autumnale
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis
Soapwort (bouncing bet) Saponaria officinalis · invasive in some regions
Society garlic (wild garlic) Tulbaghia violacea
Solomon’s seal Polygonatum multiflorum
Spiked speedwell Veronica spicata
Spring gentian Gentiana verna
Spring pasque flower (lady of the snows) Pulsatilla vernalis
Spring snowflake Leucojum vernum
St Bruno’s lily (paradise lily) Paradisea liliastrum
Stemless gentian Gentiana acaulis
Stock (gillyflower) Matthiola incana
Striped squill (puschkinia) Puschkinia scilloides
Sulphur cosmos (yellow cosmos) Cosmos sulphureus
Sunflower Helianthus annuus
Sweet alyssum Lobularia maritima
Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
Sweet rocket (dame’s violet) Hesperis matronalis · invasive in some regions
Sweet scabious (pincushion flower) Scabiosa atropurpurea
Sweet violet Viola odorata
Sweet William Dianthus barbatus
Swiss cheese vine (Adanson’s monstera) Monstera adansonii
Tansy Tanacetum vulgare · invasive in some regions
Tiger flower (Mexican shell flower, cacomitl) Tigridia pavonia
Tiger lily Lilium lancifolium
Toad lily Tricyrtis hirta
Tree echium (giant viper's bugloss) Echium pininana · invasive in some regions
Triostar stromanthe Stromanthe thalia
Trout lily (yellow adder’s tongue) Erythronium americanum
Tulip Tulipa gesneriana
Turkish sage (Russell’s phlomis) Phlomis russeliana
Upright myrtle spurge (gopher spurge) Euphorbia rigida
Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula
Verbena Verbena bonariensis
Wallflower Erysimum cheiri
Water soldier Stratiotes aloides · invasive in some regions
Water violet Hottonia palustris
Wax plant (porcelain flower) Hoya carnosa
Weld (dyer’s rocket) Reseda luteola
Western blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium bellum
White cobra lily Arisaema candidissimum
White lace flower (orlaya) Orlaya grandiflora
White rock cress (Caucasian arabis) Arabis caucasica
White turtlehead Chelone glabra
White wild indigo Baptisia alba
Wild geranium (spotted cranesbill) Geranium maculatum
Willow gentian Gentiana asclepiadea
Winecup (purple poppy mallow) Callirhoe involucrata
Winter aconite Eranthis hyemalis
Woodland forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica
Woodland phlox (wild blue phlox) Phlox divaricata
Woodland tobacco (flowering tobacco) Nicotiana sylvestris
Yarrow Achillea millefolium
Yellow asphodel (King’s spear, Jacob’s rod) Asphodeline lutea
Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus · invasive in some regions
Yellow pond lily (brandy bottle) Nuphar lutea
Yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor
Yellow wax bells (kirenga-shōma) Kirengeshoma palmata
ZZ plant (Zanzibar gem) Zamioculcas zamiifolia

Shrubs (145)

Alpenrose (rusty-leaved alpenrose) Rhododendron ferrugineum
American witch hazel (common witch hazel) Hamamelis virginiana
Anemone clematis Clematis montana
Arrowwood viburnum Viburnum dentatum
Augustine’s rhododendron (blue rhododendron) Rhododendron augustinii
Beaked yucca Yucca rostrata
Beautybush Kolkwitzia amabilis
Bigleaf hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla
Big-leaf rhododendron Rhododendron sinogrande
Blue blossom (California lilac) Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Boston ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Box-leaf azara (vanilla tree) Azara microphylla
Boxwood Buxus sempervirens
Bunny ears cactus (polka-dot cactus) Opuntia microdasys · invasive in some regions
Bush anemone (tree anemone) Carpenteria californica
Buttercup winter hazel (hyūgamizuki) Corylopsis pauciflora
Butterfly bush Buddleja davidii · invasive in some regions
California flannelbush (fremontia) Fremontodendron californicum
Camellia Camellia japonica
Carolina allspice (sweetshrub) Calycanthus floridus
Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus · invasive in some regions
Chilean holly (taique) Desfontainia spinosa
Chilean lantern tree Crinodendron hookerianum
Chilean potato vine Solanum crispum
Chilean puya Puya chilensis
Chinese juniper Juniperus chinensis
Chinese plumbago (Willmott’s blue leadwort) Ceratostigma willmottianum
Chinese redbud Cercis chinensis
Chinese wisteria Wisteria sinensis · invasive in some regions
Chinese witch hazel Hamamelis mollis
Cinnabar rhododendron Rhododendron cinnabarinum
Climbing hydrangea Hydrangea anomala subsp. petiolaris
Common hazel Corylus avellana
Common honeysuckle (woodbine) Lonicera periclymenum
Common jasmine Jasminum officinale
Common juniper Juniperus communis
Common myrtle Myrtus communis
Common privet Ligustrum vulgare
Common rock rose (sun rose) Helianthemum nummularium
Corn plant (mass cane, fragrant dracaena) Dracaena fragrans
Cotton lavender Santolina chamaecyparissus
Damask rose Rosa × damascena
Darwin’s barberry (michay) Berberis darwinii · invasive in some regions
Delavay’s tree peony Paeonia delavayi
Dog rose Rosa canina · invasive in some regions
Dwarf umbrella tree (schefflera) Heptapleurum arboricola
Early stachyurus (kibushi) Stachyurus praecox
Elder (elderberry) Sambucus nigra
English holly Ilex aquifolium
Fatsia (Japanese aralia, yatsude) Fatsia japonica
Firethorn (pyracantha) Pyracantha coccinea · invasive in some regions
Flowering currant (red-flowering currant) Ribes sanguineum
Forsythia Forsythia x intermedia
Fountain butterfly bush (alternate-leaved buddleja) Buddleja alternifolia
Fragrant viburnum (Farrer’s viburnum) Viburnum farreri
Garland flower (rose daphne) Daphne cneorum
Gorse (furze) Ulex europaeus · invasive in some regions
Green santolina (holy flax) Santolina rosmarinifolia
Grey-leaved cistus Cistus albidus
Grierson’s rhododendron Rhododendron griersonianum
Hardy fuchsia Fuchsia magellanica · invasive in some regions
Heather (ling) Calluna vulgaris · invasive in some regions
Hebe Veronica speciosa
Himalayan honeysuckle (pheasant berry) Leycesteria formosa · invasive in some regions
Himalayan indigo Indigofera heterantha
Himalayan sweet box (Christmas box) Sarcococca hookeriana
Hybrid witch hazel Hamamelis x intermedia
Italian buckthorn (alaternus) Rhamnus alaternus · invasive in some regions
Japanese andromeda (pieris) Pieris japonica
Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii · invasive in some regions
Japanese beautyberry (murasaki-shikibu) Callicarpa japonica
Japanese flowering quince Chaenomeles speciosa
Japanese holly (inutsuge) Ilex crenata · invasive in some regions
Japanese kerria Kerria japonica
Japanese skimmia (miyama-shikimi) Skimmia japonica
Japanese snowball (doublefile viburnum) Viburnum plicatum
Japanese spindle (masaki) Euonymus japonicus
Japanese wisteria (fuji) Wisteria floribunda · invasive in some regions
Jerusalem sage Phlomis fruticosa
Kākābeak Clianthus puniceus
Kāpuka (broadleaf) Griselinia littoralis
Kōhūhū Pittosporum tenuifolium
Korean lilac (‘Miss Kim’) Syringa pubescens subsp. patula
Korean spice viburnum Viburnum carlesii
Korokio (wire-netting bush) Corokia cotoneaster
Laurustinus Viburnum tinus
Lily magnolia (mulan) Magnolia liliiflora
Lithodora (purple gromwell) Glandora diffusa
Mānuka (tea tree) Leptospermum scoparium
Matilija poppy Romneya coulteri
Mediterranean spurge Euphorbia characias
Mexican orange blossom Choisya ternata
Mock orange Philadelphus coronarius
Montpellier rock rose (narrow-leaved cistus) Cistus monspeliensis
Mountain hydrangea (yama-ajisai) Hydrangea serrata
Moyes’ rose Rosa moyesii
Native fuchsia (common correa) Correa reflexa
Nepalese paper plant (lokta daphne) Daphne bholua
Old man cactus Cephalocereus senilis
Old man of the Andes Oreocereus celsianus
Oregon grape Berberis aquifolium · invasive in some regions
Paperbush (mitsumata) Edgeworthia chrysantha
Pichi (false heath) Fabiana imbricata
Portugal laurel Prunus lusitanica
Qantu (sacred flower of the Incas) Cantua buxifolia
Red escallonia Escallonia rubra
Red-tip photinia Photinia x fraseri
Redvein enkianthus Enkianthus campanulatus
Rhododendron Rhododendron
Rice-paper plant (tsūdatsu) Tetrapanax papyrifer
Rosemary grevillea Grevillea rosmarinifolia
Rough-leaved hydrangea Hydrangea aspera
Round-leaf mint bush Prostanthera rotundifolia
Sage-leaved rock rose Cistus salviifolius
Shrubby cinquefoil Dasiphora fruticosa
Shrubby germander (tree germander) Teucrium fruticans
Shrubby scorpion vetch (coronilla) Coronilla valentina
Sichuan pepper (huajiao) Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Silverbush (shrubby bindweed) Convolvulus cneorum
Silver torch cactus Cleistocactus strausii
Slender deutzia (himeutsugi) Deutzia gracilis
Smoke tree Cotinus coggygria
Southernwood (lad’s love) Artemisia abrotanum
Spanish dagger (mound lily yucca) Yucca gloriosa
Spiral aloe Aloe polyphylla
Spotted laurel (Japanese aucuba) Aucuba japonica
Staghorn sumac Rhus typhina · invasive in some regions
Star magnolia (shidekobushi) Magnolia stellata
Sticky monkeyflower (orange bush monkeyflower) Diplacus aurantiacus
Summersweet (sweet pepperbush) Clethra alnifolia
Tea plant Camellia sinensis
Thomson’s rhododendron Rhododendron thomsonii
Thunberg bush clover (miyagino-hagi) Lespedeza thunbergii
Tibetan tree peony (Ludlow’s peony) Paeonia ludlowii
Tree houseleek (aeonium) Aeonium arboreum
Trifoliate orange (karatachi) Citrus trifoliata · invasive in some regions
Viburnum Viburnum opulus
Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia · invasive in some regions
Wall cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis · invasive in some regions
Wall germander Teucrium chamaedrys
Winter daphne Daphne odora
Winter jasmine Jasminum nudiflorum
Wintersweet Chimonanthus praecox
Yunnan camellia Camellia reticulata
Yunnan rhododendron Rhododendron yunnanense

Trees (90)

American sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua
Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica
Bhutan pine (Himalayan white pine) Pinus wallichiana
Black gum (black tupelo) Nyssa sylvatica
Cabbage tree (cordyline) Cordyline australis
California bay (Oregon myrtle) Umbellularia californica
California buckeye Aesculus californica
Campbell’s magnolia Magnolia campbellii
Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani
Chilean firebush (notro) Embothrium coccineum
Chilean myrtle (arrayán) Luma apiculata
Chilean wine palm Jubaea chilensis
China fir Cunninghamia lanceolata
Cider gum (eucalyptus) Eucalyptus gunnii
Coihue (Dombey’s southern beech) Nothofagus dombeyi
Common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna · invasive in some regions
Deodar cedar Cedrus deodara
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii
Dove tree (handkerchief tree) Davidia involucrata
Dwarf mountain pine Pinus mugo
Emmenopterys (Henry’s tree) Emmenopterys henryi
Empress tree (foxglove tree) Paulownia tomentosa · invasive in some regions
English oak Quercus robur
English yew Taxus baccata
European aspen Populus tremula
European beech Fagus sylvatica
European fan palm Chamaerops humilis
European hornbeam Carpinus betulus
European larch Larix decidua
Fiddle-leaf fig Ficus lyrata
Field maple Acer campestre
Full-moon maple (hauchiwa-kaede) Acer japonicum
Giant sequoia (Wellingtonia) Sequoiadendron giganteum
Goat willow (pussy willow) Salix caprea
Golden chain tree (laburnum) Laburnum × watereri
Golden larch Pseudolarix amabilis
Greek strawberry tree Arbutus andrachne
Himalayan birch (bhojpatra; white-barked jacquemontii) Betula utilis
Holm oak Quercus ilex
Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum
Indian bean tree (southern catalpa) Catalpa bignonioides
Japanese cedar (sugi) Cryptomeria japonica
Japanese flowering cherry Prunus serrulata
Japanese maple Acer palmatum
Japanese snowbell Styrax japonicus
Japanese stewartia Stewartia pseudocamellia
Japanese umbrella pine (kōyamaki) Sciadopitys verticillata
Japanese white pine (goyōmatsu) Pinus parviflora
Judas tree Cercis siliquastrum
Kashmir cypress (Bhutan weeping cypress) Cupressus cashmeriana
Kashmir rowan Sorbus cashmiriana
Katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Kobushi magnolia Magnolia kobus
Korean fir Abies koreana
Leyland cypress x Cuprocyparis leylandii
London plane Platanus x hispanica
Monkey puzzle (pehuén) Araucaria araucana
Monterey cypress Hesperocyparis macrocarpa
Mount Etna broom Genista etnensis
Paperbark maple Acer griseum
Père David’s maple (snakebark maple) Acer davidii
Persian ironwood Parrotia persica
Pōhutukawa (NZ Christmas tree) Metrosideros excelsa · invasive in some regions
Ponytail palm (elephant’s foot) Beaucarnea recurvata
Rowan Sorbus aucuparia
Sassafras Sassafras albidum
Saucer magnolia Magnolia x soulangeana
Sawara cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris · invasive in some regions
Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis
Sessile oak Quercus petraea
Silver birch Betula pendula
Silver tree fern (ponga) Alsophila dealbata
Snow gum Eucalyptus pauciflora
Soft tree fern Dicksonia antarctica
Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo
Swedish whitebeam Sorbus intermedia
Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa
Swiss stone pine (arolla pine) Pinus cembra
Tarata (lemonwood) Pittosporum eugenioides
Tree rhododendron (lali gurans, burans) Rhododendron arboreum
Trident maple Acer buergerianum
Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera
Turkish hazel Corylus colurna
Weeping fig (Benjamin fig) Ficus benjamina
Weeping willow Salix babylonica
Western redbud Cercis occidentalis
Western red cedar Thuja plicata
Windmill palm (Chusan palm) Trachycarpus fortunei
Wollemi pine Wollemia nobilis

Grasses (19)

Barley Hordeum vulgare
Blue fescue Festuca glauca
Broadleaf cattail (bulrush) Typha latifolia
Broom reed (restio) Elegia capensis
Clumping bamboo Fargesia murielae
Feather reed grass 'Karl Foerster' Calamagrostis x acutiflora
Fountain grass Pennisetum alopecuroides
Giant feather grass (golden oats) Celtica gigantea
Greater quaking grass (rattlesnake grass) Briza maxima · invasive in some regions
Japanese forest grass Hakonechloa macra
Japanese sweet flag (sekishō) Acorus gramineus
Maiden grass (miscanthus) Miscanthus sinensis
Mexican feather grass Nassella tenuissima · invasive in some regions
New Zealand flax Phormium tenax · invasive in some regions
Northern sea oats (river oats) Chasmanthium latifolium
Oats Avena sativa
Prairie dropseed Sporobolus heterolepis
Rye Secale cereale
Wheat (bread wheat) Triticum aestivum

Groundcovers (67)

Aubrieta Aubrieta deltoidea
Barrenwort (bishop’s hat) Epimedium grandiflorum
Baseball plant (living baseball) Euphorbia obesa
Bishop’s cap cactus Astrophytum myriostigma
Biting stonecrop (goldmoss) Sedum acre
Blue-eyed Mary (creeping navelwort) Omphalodes verna
Boston fern (sword fern) Nephrolepis exaltata
Bugle (ajuga) Ajuga reptans · invasive in some regions
Burro’s tail (donkey’s tail) Sedum morganianum
Cast-iron plant (haran) Aspidistra elatior
Chin cactus (grafted “moon cactus”) Gymnocalycium mihanovichii
Claret cup cactus (kingcup cactus) Echinocereus triglochidiatus
Cobweb houseleek Sempervivum arachnoideum
Common houseleek Sempervivum tectorum
Common ivy Hedera helix · invasive in some regions
Common staghorn fern (elkhorn fern) Platycerium bifurcatum
Creeping fig (climbing fig) Ficus pumila
Creeping Jenny Lysimachia nummularia · invasive in some regions
Creeping thyme Thymus serpyllum
Daisy (English daisy) Bellis perennis
Delta maidenhair fern Adiantum raddianum
Earth star (cryptanthus) Cryptanthus bivittatus
Eastern prickly pear (hardy prickly pear) Opuntia humifusa
Elephant's ears (bergenia) Bergenia cordifolia
Encrusted saxifrage Saxifraga paniculata
Fairy foxglove Erinus alpinus
Fairy's thimble Campanula cochleariifolia
Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia
Fringe cups Tellima grandiflora
Giant chalk dudleya (Britton’s live-forever) Dudleya brittonii
Heart-leaved globe daisy Globularia cordifolia
Himalayan fleeceflower (knotweed groundcover) Bistorta affinis
Hosta Hosta spp.
Inch plant (silver inch plant, wandering dude) Tradescantia zebrina · invasive in some regions
Ivy-leaved toadflax (Kenilworth ivy) Cymbalaria muralis
Ladyfinger cactus (gold lace cactus) Mammillaria elongata
Lady's mantle Alchemilla mollis
Lamb's ear Stachys byzantina
Lesser periwinkle Vinca minor · invasive in some regions
Living stones (Leslie’s lithops) Lithops lesliei
Lungwort (pulmonaria) Pulmonaria officinalis
Male fern Dryopteris filix-mas
Mayapple (American mandrake) Podophyllum peltatum
Mexican fleabane Erigeron karvinskianus · invasive in some regions
Mistletoe cactus Rhipsalis baccifera
Moonstones (sugared almond plant) Pachyphytum oviferum
Moss campion Silene acaulis
Mountain avens Dryas octopetala
Mountain everlasting (pussytoes) Antennaria dioica
Native violet (ivy-leaved violet) Viola hederacea
Nerve plant (fittonia) Fittonia albivenis
Prostrate speedwell Veronica prostrata
Purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia
Red clover Trifolium pratense
Roman chamomile (lawn chamomile) Chamaemelum nobile
Sacred lily (omoto) Rohdea japonica
Snow-in-summer Cerastium tomentosum
Spider plant Chlorophytum comosum
Stonecrop (sedum) Hylotelephium spectabile
Strawberry begonia (yukinoshita) Saxifraga stolonifera
String of pearls Curio rowleyanus
Sweet woodruff Galium odoratum
Thrift (sea pink) Armeria maritima
White clover Trifolium repens
Wood anemone Anemone nemorosa
Yellow whitlow grass Draba aizoides
Zebra haworthia (zebra plant) Haworthiopsis attenuata

Reference values for planning, not horticultural, veterinary or medical advice. Varieties, soils and local climates differ: check with a local nursery or extension service.